Jaffar, M. et al. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. 37, 10161030 (2018). BMC Genom. Molecules 23, 689 (2018). Vukosavljev, M. et al. CAS Light is a major external factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis142. Despite the restrictions discussed in this article, the combination of modern breeding strategies with conventional methods would clearly be a superior approach for improving major horticultural characteristics, incorporating multiple characters into a single cultivar and expanding the usage of chrysanthemum in the floriculture industry. Perumalsamy, S. et al. The expression levels of chlorophyll-related genes in white- and green-flowered chrysanthemum cultivars were compared by Ohmiya et al.144 using microarray analyses. In addition, chrysanthemum is often combined with other herbs. 54, 16961710 (2013). Chrysanthemum CmHSFA4 gene positively regulates salt stress tolerance in transgenic chrysanthemum. However, the primary limitations of this type of breeding are that mutations occur unpredictably throughout the genome, and often, only a single change is produced. Am. Genet. Therefore, developing specific software to improve the capacity to recognize different metabolites and combining the identified metabolites with genetic studies whose results can be utilized in actual chrysanthemum-breeding programs are the main challenges faced by researchers in related fields. Breed. In contrast to the static entities in the genome, the transcriptome is dynamic in its expression. Hortic. With the rising demand for chrysanthemum, the development of new attractive cultivars with comprehensive resistance to various environmental stresses is urgently needed. Li, M. et al. However, most of the relevant published reports involve single-gene transfer and lack appropriate conversion systems. Moreover, several flowering-time-related genes, such as TFL55,56, FTL57, CPD and GA2058, MET159, and their homologs, have been isolated from chrysanthemum. All authors approved the final paper. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. RongChan (Fanny) Tan clears the clutter on a small table in the middle of her herbal shop Tan Hua Inc. at Mesa's Mekong Plaza and places a teapot on it. Whilethe health benefits ofchrysanthemum tea are widely promoted, few of those benefits are supported by strong clinical evidence. Biotechnol. Try to look for closed or half opened flower buds when purchasing your tea, as fully opened flowers (while pretty) have already lost much of the flavors and effectiveness! Let the flowers steep for about five minutes (until water becomes golden yellow). Sang. Nat. Over-expression of chrysanthemum CmDREB6 enhanced tolerance of chrysanthemum to heat stress. BMC Plant Biol. Nat. Brian Boyce is a competitive fitness athlete and national qualifier in NPC bodybuilding. Made from the golden flowers of this plant, this is a tea with a long history in traditional medicine. A biological control method was proposed by Liu et al.172 in which chlamydospores of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were inoculated into the chrysanthemum rhizosphere to reduce this continuous-cropping obstacle by changing the microbial community, phenolic acid content, and enzyme activity.
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